hw15_02.cpp

2、重载复数类的输出运算符<<和输入运算符>>
输出格式为：a+bi，如：3+4i，4-5i       （程序取名hw15_02.cpp）

/*写的比较豪放，因为要求少，自己加了很多*/

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
using namespace std;

template<typename T>
class Complex
{
public:
    Complex():real(0),imag(0){}
    Complex(T real, T imag){this->real=real;this->imag=imag;}
    template<typename U>
    friend Complex<U> operator+(const Complex<U>& ,const Complex<U>& );
    template<typename U>
    friend Complex<U> operator*(const Complex<U>& ,const Complex<U>& );
    template<typename U>
    friend Complex<U> operator/(const Complex<U>& ,const Complex<U>& );
    template<typename U>
    friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &, const Complex<U> &c);
    template<typename U>
    friend istream & operator>>(istream &, Complex<U> &c);
    double Magnitude()const;
    Complex conjugate()const;
    double Mode() const{
        return (*this*(*this).conjugate()).real;
    }
    double conMagnitude()const;
    operator double()const {
        if (imag==0) return real;
        else return Magnitude();
    }
    operator string()const;
private:
    T real, imag;
};
template<typename T>
Complex<T> operator+(const Complex<T> &c,const Complex<T> &a) { return Complex<T>(a.real + c.real, a.imag + c.imag); }
template<typename T>
Complex<T> operator*(const Complex<T> &c,const Complex<T> &a) { return Complex<T>(a.real * c.real-a.imag * c.imag, a.real * c.imag + a.imag * c.real); }

template<typename T>
double Complex<T>::Magnitude()const {
    return sqrt(real*real + imag*imag);
}
template<typename T>
Complex<T> Complex<T>::conjugate()const {
    return Complex<T>(real,-imag);
}
template<typename T>
double Complex<T>::conMagnitude()const {
    return sqrt(((*this)*conjugate()));
}

template<typename T>
Complex<T>::operator string() const {
    stringstream ss;
    if (real == 0) {
        if (imag == 1) {
            ss << "i";
        }
        else if (imag == -1) {
            ss << "-i";
        }
        else {
            ss << imag << "i";
        }
    }
    else {
        ss << real;
        if (imag > 0) {
            ss << "+";
            if (imag == 1) {
                ss << "i";
            }
            else if (imag == -1) {
                ss << "-i";
            }
            else {
                ss << imag << "i";
            }
        }
        else if (imag < 0) {
            if (imag == 1) {
                ss << "i";
            }
            else if (imag == -1) {
                ss << "-i";
            }
            else {
                ss << imag << "i";
            }
        }
    }
    return ss.str();
}


template<typename T>
Complex<T> operator/(const Complex<T> &c,const Complex<T> &a) {
    Complex<T> S=c*a.conjugate();
    return Complex<T>(S.real/a.Mode(),S.imag/a.Mode());
}
template<typename T>
ostream & operator<<(ostream &out, const Complex<T> & c) {
    if (c.real == 0) {
        if (c.imag== 1) {
            out << "i";
        }
        else if (c.imag == -1) {
            out << "-i";
        }
        else {
            out << c.imag << "i";
        }
    }
    else {
        if (c.imag > 0) {
            out << c.real << "+" ;
            if (c.imag== 1) {
                out << "i";
            }
            else if (c.imag == -1) {
                out << "-i";
            }
            else {
                out << c.imag << "i";
            }
        }
        else if (c.imag < 0) {
            out << c.real ;
            if (c.imag== 1) {
                out << "i";
            }
            else if (c.imag == -1) {
                out << "-i";
            }
            else {
                out << c.imag << "i";
            }
        }
        else {
            out << c.real;
        }
    }
    return out;
  }
template<typename T>
istream & operator>>(istream &in,Complex<T> & c) {
    cout << "Enter real: ";
    in >> c.real;
    cout << "Enter imag: ";
    in >>c.imag;
    return in;
}
template<class T>
void info(T z3) {
    cout<<z3<<" info:"<<endl;
    cout<<'|'<<z3<<"|"<<"=sqt("<<z3<<"*"<<z3.conjugate()<<")"<<"=sqt("<<z3*z3.conjugate()<<")="<<z3.conMagnitude()<<endl;
}
template<class T>
void test(T z1, T z2) {
    info(z1);
    info(z2);
    T z3=z1+z2;
    cout<<z1<<"+"<<z2<<"="<<z1+z2<<endl;
    info(z3);
    cout<<z1<<"*"<<z2<<"="<<z1*z2<<endl;
    cout<<z1<<"/"<<z2<<"="<<z1<<"*"<<z2.conjugate()<<"/"<<z2<<"*"<<z2.conjugate()<<"="<<z1*z2.conjugate()<<"/"<<z2*z2.conjugate()<<"="<<z1/z2<<endl;
}
int main()
{
    Complex<double> z1, z2;
    cin >> z1 >> z2;
    test(z1, z2);
    return 0;
}